Bankopedia

Bankopedia

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Virtual Card

A digital card with dedicated card details, used mainly for online payments and not necessarily issued in physical form.

Variable Interest Rate

An interest rate that may change during the term of a loan or deposit according to a reference rate and the terms of the agreement.

Value Date

The date from which a transaction affects interest calculations or the availability of funds.

Unauthorized Transaction

A payment or banking action that was not made or approved by the account or card holder.

Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO)

The natural person who ultimately owns, controls or benefits from an account, business or transaction.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

A security method that requires two different forms of verification to access an account or confirm an action.

Transaction Notification

A message sent to a customer by SMS, email or the banking app after a transaction or attempted transaction.

Transaction Authorization

The process of verifying and approving a payment or banking action.

Term Deposit

Money placed with a bank for a specified period, usually at an agreed interest rate.

SWIFT/BIC

An international code used to identify a bank or financial institution in international transfers.

Standing Order

A payment instruction that is repeated automatically on predetermined dates, at specified intervals or for specified amounts.

Smishing

A scam conducted through SMS or messaging applications that aims to steal personal or financial information.

Sender

The person or entity that initiates a payment or bank transfer.

Secure Website

A website that uses security measures, such as an HTTPS connection and digital certificates, to protect data during online communication.

Repayment Schedule

A statement showing instalments, payment dates, the allocation between principal and interest, and the outstanding loan balance.

QR Code

A graphical code scanned with a smartphone or another device to access information or make deposits or withdrawals at an ATM.

Principal

The original amount borrowed, excluding interest, fees and other costs. Part of each instalment may reduce the principal, while another part covers interest.

POS – Point of Sale

A device or system at a point of sale used to accept payments by card or digital device.

PIN Code

A personal secret number used to verify identity when using a card or certain banking services.

Phishing

An online scam, usually conducted through fraudulent emails or websites, designed to steal data by impersonating a trusted institution or person.

Personal Loan

A loan provided to individuals for various personal purposes, subject to the terms set by the bank.

Personal Financial Management

The planning and management of an individual or household's income, expenses, savings and financial obligations.

Personal Budget

A plan showing expected income and expenses for a specified period.

Pending Transaction

A transaction that has been authorized or initiated but has not yet been completed or finally posted to the account.

Payment Reference

Information used to identify the purpose, invoice or beneficiary of a payment.

Payment Order

An instruction given by a customer to the bank to transfer a specified amount from their account to a beneficiary.

OTP – One-Time Password

A single-use code sent or generated to verify a login, payment or another transaction.

Online Payment

A payment made over the internet using a card, bank transfer, digital wallet or another electronic method.

Mortgage Loan

A loan generally used to purchase, build or improve a property and secured by a mortgage over the property.

Mobile Banking App

An application on a smartphone or tablet that allows customers to manage accounts, make payments and transfers, and manage cards.

Maturity

The date or period when a loan, deposit or investment reaches its end and the obligation must be repaid or the funds may be withdrawn.

Loan Instalment

A periodic amount paid towards a loan, usually consisting of principal, interest and, where applicable, other costs.

KYC – Know Your Customer

A process through which the bank identifies a customer, verifies their information and understands the nature of the banking relationship.

Joint Account

A bank account owned or managed by two or more people, according to the permissions established for the account.

International Transfer

A transfer of funds between bank accounts in different countries or another cross-border payment.

Internal Bank Transfer

A transfer of funds between two accounts held with the same bank.

Interest Rate

The percentage that indicates the cost of borrowing or the potential return on a deposit or investment.

Interest Capitalization

The addition of earned interest to the principal amount so that future interest is calculated on the new total.

Interbank Transfer

A transfer of funds between accounts held with different banks.

Identity Theft

The unauthorized use of a person's personal information to carry out financial or fraudulent activities.

Grace Period

An agreed period during which payment of the principal or part of the obligations is deferred, according to the arrangement with the bank.

Fixed Interest Rate

An interest rate that remains unchanged for the entire term or for a specified period.

Financial Fraud

The fraudulent or illegal use of data, accounts or financial instruments for improper gain.

Emergency Fund

Money set aside to cover unexpected expenses or emergencies.

Effective Interest Rate

A measure reflecting the overall cost of a loan by taking account of interest and other included costs under the applicable methodology.

Early Repayment

Full or partial repayment of a loan before the end of its agreed term.

E-banking

Banking services provided over the internet, usually through a web browser on a computer or another device.

Domestic Transfer

A transfer of funds between bank accounts within the same country.

Digital Wallet

An application or service that securely stores payment details and enables payments by smartphone or other electronic devices.

Deposit Interest

The return a customer earns on funds held in an interest-bearing account or savings product.

Demand Deposit

Funds held in an account that may be withdrawn at any time, subject to the bank's terms and conditions.

CVV/CVC

A security code, usually consisting of three digits, used for verification during card payments, particularly online payments.

Currency Conversion

The process of exchanging one currency for another at the applicable exchange rate.

Creditworthiness

An assessment of a customer's ability to meet financial obligations on time.

Credit History

Information about previous loans and how an individual or business has met financial obligations in the past.

Contactless Payment

A payment made by holding a card, smartphone or smart device close to a POS terminal.

Contactless Card

A card that enables payments by being held close to a POS terminal without being physically inserted into the device.

Compound Interest

Interest calculated on the initial amount and on interest accumulated in previous periods.

Co-borrower

A person who takes out a loan together with the primary borrower and is responsible for its repayment under the agreement.

Card Refund / Cashback

A full or partial amount returned to a card; under cashback programs, it may also be a percentage of eligible spending.

Card Limit

The maximum amount that may be spent, withdrawn or transferred using a card within a specified period.

Card Expiry

The date until which a card remains valid for use.

Card Blocking

The temporary or permanent disabling of a card to prevent unauthorized use.

Card Activation

The process through which a new card is enabled and made ready for use.

Business Loan

Financing provided to businesses for operational needs, working capital or investments.

Biometric Verification

A security method that uses physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or facial features, for identification and authorization.

Beneficiary

The person or entity that receives funds from a payment or bank transfer.

Bank Statement

A document showing the balance and transactions of an account over a specified period.

Bank Fee

A charge applied by the bank for a specific product, service or transaction.

Available Balance

The amount a customer can use immediately after blocked funds, reservations and pending transactions have been taken into account.

Automatic Payment

A scheduled payment made automatically from an account for recurring obligations, such as monthly bills.

ATM / Cash Machine

An electronic machine that allows cash withdrawals, account balance checks and, in some cases, cash deposits or other banking services.

AML – Anti-Money Laundering

Measures and procedures used to prevent the financial system from being used for money laundering or the financing of illegal activities.

Account Freeze

A temporary restriction on the use of an account for security, legal, regulatory or verification reasons.

Account Balance

The total amount recorded in an account at a given point in time.

Sum Insured

It is the value, which has been agreed between the parties in the insurance contract or is defined in the legal or sub-legal acts in force and which represents the maximum limit of the insurer's liability towards the insured or the beneficiary.

Underwriting Insurance Process

The process performed by the insurer where it is decided whether the request to be insured will be accepted, and if the decision is positive, the terms and conditions of the policy are definite.

Life Insurance Policy

Policies covering the risk of death of the insured due to natural or accidental causes.

General Terms and Conditions of the Insurance Policy

In all cases insurance policies are accompanied with the general terms and conditions, depending on the types of risks they cover. The terms have the force of law for the parties, which regulate their entire insurance relationship.

Property Insurance Policy

Policies that cover loss, damage or destruction of insured property, unexpectedly or accidentally as a result of various risks defined in the policy.

Insurance Risk

It is the objective possibility of the existence of property and / or non-property loss, which occurs in uncertain circumstances, unknown and independent of the will of the insured person.

Insurer

It is a Company licensed by the Authority in the field of insurance, which is engaged to compensate damages from a risk covered from an insurance contract / policy.

Insurance

Insurance is a system of risk transfer and its combination where one party, the insured, receives the promise from the other party, the insurer, to be compensated in case of any loss and the insurer agrees to take the risk in exchange for the insurance premium, this regulated with the insurance contract (policy).

Insurance Premium

The amount paid by the insured, to enable insurance coverage by the insurer, the price of insurance paid by the client.

Insurance Policy for Loan Purpose

Policies offered to persons who take loans in the Bank to protect them from the risk of non-repayment the loan as a result of an insurance event, as a condition of the loan contract, when the beneficiary is the Bank.

Insurance Policy

It is a contract between the insurer (Insurance Company) and the insured (Customer), to cover the risks of the insured under terms and conditions specified in the contract. The policy is issued by the insurer.

Insurance Deductibles

The amount or percentage of the damage or of the sum insured, determined in the insurance policy, which is covered by the insured (customer) himself. In all cases this value is deducted from the value of the damage at the moment of calculating the indemnity value.

Insurance Exclusions

In all insurance policies there are several articles of terms and conditions which define the areas of risk, for which the insurer does not cover the losses or damages incurred.

Insurance Beneficiary

The person defined in the insurance policy as the beneficiary of the insurance amount.

Insurance Indemnification Claim

A claim made by the insured for a damage, according to an insurance policy terms and conditions within the deadlines specified in the policy.

Insured

The party who has insured risks through an insurance policy, which its object is a possible property and / or non-property loss. In some cases, the insured is also known as a policyholder.

Insurance indemnity

It is the amount for which the insurer owes the insured, the beneficiary or any damaged third party, which derives as a right from an insurance contract or insurance activity.

Insurance Broker

It is a licensed person by the Authority to exercise the activity of insurance intermediary between the Customer and the Insurance Company.

Casco Insurance Policy

A policy that covers registered auto vehicles for damage that may occur to the vehicle itself as a result of the various risks defined in the police.

Push Notification

An automatic message that is sent by an application (BKT Smart) to the user when the application is not open.

Promotional Game

A game where several customers participate, based on the conditions they meet, to win a prize or several prizes with different values.

SMS

Short Message Service are informative or promotional texts that contain a maximum of 160 characters and are sent to a client's mobile phone.

Queue Management System

A system used to control the queue at the bank branches.

Marketing analytics

Online marketing data platforms that help marketers track and analyze advertising results.

Email

A message containing text, files, images, or other attachments that are sent between Internet users.

Database

A systematically organized data repository that allows easy retrieval, modification and analysis of data.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

A CRM system helps the bank to build customer relationships and to modernize processes so they can increase sales, improve customer service and increase profitability.

Client

A client is a person who has a bank account or who is in a relationship with the bank by having and using other banking products and services.

Complaint

The expression of a dissatisfaction, the assertion on the dislike of a product or service that BKT offers, a claim against a product or service obtained sent through the enabled channels, in a concrete situation which can be verified.

Content promotion

Tactics used to promote created marketing content.

Bank product / service

Tangible products such as cards or intangibles such as deposits and any cash-related services provided by the Bank to its customers to facilitate the management of their income.

Value

The amount of money that can be received for something

Treausry Bonds

Negotiable debt issued by the Ministry of Finance in order to support government spending with a maximum 1 year term

Transaction

An event that happens when someone buys or sells something, or the activity of money exchange

Trade

The process of buying and selling of goods and services, with compensation paid by a buyer to a seller, or the exchange of goods or services between parties

Tax

Any legally enforced payment made in favor of the state budget form individuals or juridical persons on the basis of their income or as per the consumption of goods and services benefited

Shareholder

A person who owns a company's shares and consequently obtains the right to make decisions for this company and to benefit from the income derived from the business of this company

Securities

Financial Instrument that recognizes the right of ownership or debt such as stocks or bonds

Savings Account

An account in which a customer keeps money for savings and may earn interest, subject to the bank's terms.

Saving

An amount of money that you keep aside and you do not temporarily need to spend

Salary

A fixed amount of money recompensing for the work performed by an employee who is usually paid directly to his bank account every month

Safe deposit box

a strong box in a bank where you can keep valuable things

Revenue

The entire amount of income before making any type of deduction

Return

The added value that derives from the sale of various assets

Profit

The process of gaining money or materials

Price

The exchange ratio of different goods, measured in monetary units

Portofolio

A list of different tangible or intangible financial assets held by a person or institution

Payment

An amount of money paid, or the act of paying

Paycheck

A check issued in payment of wages or salary

Overdraft

A bank advance that the bank approves as a credit limit to be used in case your account exceeds the value 0

Offer

To provide or supply something

Mortgage

A conveyance of property as security for repaying a loan

Money

The basic concept is the acceptance by the public to be used as a payment and exchange instrument

Loan Principal

Initial amount of money that the bank issues to the loan aproved client

Liquidity

The easiest and quick way with which an asset can be converted into cash without losing in value

LIBOR

London Interbank Offered Rate - The interest rate used in lending among banks in the interbank market in London, which is also used as a reference for determining the interest rate on other loans

Liability

The responsibility of a person, business, or organization to pay or give something of value toward someone ales

Letter of credit

A letter from a bank allowing the person who has it to take a particular amount of money from a bank in another country

Invoice

A detailed statement of money owed for goods or services

Invest

The process of laying out some money or resource in an enterprise

Insurance Premium

The price paid to get insured from a specific risk

Inflation

The case where there is an increase in the overall price level leading to the possibility of buying a smaller quantity of goods with the same amount of money

IBAN

A standardized international number that identifies a bank account.

Guarantor

A person or entity that agrees to meet a financial obligation if the borrower fails to repay it.

Fund

A reserve of money set aside for some purpose

FOREX

(Foreign Exchange) Refers to the international foreign exchange market

Fee

Is a fixed price charged for a specific service

Exchange Rate

The rate at which one currency is exchanged for another.

EURIBOR

European Interbank Offered Rate: the rate of interest used by the main European banks when they lend money to each other in euros

Economic Recession

Significant decline in economic activity that continues for more than a few months

Dividend

Earnings of a corporation distributed to its shareholders

Deflation

Deflation is the general decline in prices for goods and services during a period of time

Debt

The state of owing something, especially money

Debit Card

A payment card that uses funds available directly in the customer's bank account.

Current account

An account kept in a bank where you can easily perform withdrawal, deposit, and other transactions without prior notice while maintaining their history

Credit Card

A payment card that allows a customer to use a credit limit approved by the bank and repay it under the terms of the agreement.

Collateral

A property or another equivalent asset that is acceptable by the lender as a loan repayment guarantee obtained by the borrower.

Cash

The physical money we see and touch

Capital

Money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for starting a new business or for producing more wealth

Budget

A budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time usually for 1 year. Budgets can be predicted for individual, businesses, government etc.

Broker

A broker is an individual or firm that charges a fee or commission for executing buy and sell orders submitted by an investor or that acts as an agent for a customer and charges the customer a commission for its services.

Book Value

An asset's book value is equal to its carrying value on the balance sheet, and companies calculate it netting the asset against its accumulated depreciation. 

Bank Transfer

The process of sending money from one bank account to another, usually electronically

Bank System

The entirety of all the banks in a country including the central bank

Bank Deposit

"Funds deposited by an individual or business in a banking institution in order to save and benefit from interests. Usually, the investor can not withdraw the amount deposited up to the maturity date"

Bank

An organization where people and businesses can invest or borrow money,change it to foreign money, etc.

Balance sheet

A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time, and provides a basis for computing rates of return and evaluating its capital structure.

Bad loan

A loan which is unlikely to be paid back

Asset

Something valuable belonging to a person or organization that can be used for the payment of debts

Amortization

Is an accounting technique used to reduce the cost of life gradually to an asset with a fixed plan

Acquisition

The act of obtaining or beginning to have something through money

Accrued income

Amount earned in the current accounting period, but which will be received in a future period.

Account

An arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to

Account Statement

It is the history of the transactions performed in the account for the period of which the information is requested